| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the levels of complexity? | 1)chemical level2)cellular level 3)tissue level 4)organ level 5)system level 6)organism level |
| How many systems are there and what are they? | 11 systems. Integumentary,skeletal, muscular,nervous,endocrine,cardiovascular,lymphatic system and immunity,respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. |
| Desribe components of integumentary system, and functions. | Skin,hair,nails,sweat and oil glands. It protects the body, helps regulate body temp,eliminates some wastes, helps make vitamin D, detects sensations like pain, cold or hot. |
| Describe components of skeletal system and functions. | Bones,and joints of the body and their associated cartilages. Supports and protects the body, provides a surface area for muscle attachments,aids body movements,houses cells that produce blood cells;stores minerals and lipids (fats). |
| Describe components of muscular system, and functions. | Composed of skeletal muscle tissue;named since it is usually attached to bone. Produces body movements,and stabilizes body position(posture), and generates heat. |
| Describe components of nervous system,and functions. | Composed of brain, spinal cord,nerves,and special sense organs like eyes and ears. Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body's internal and external environment, interprets the changes, and respo |
| Describe components of the endocrine system and its functions. | Composed of hormone producing glands like: pituitary,thymus,adrenal,testes/ovaries, pancreas, thyoid,and pineal glands. Functions to regulate body activities by releasing hormones which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland |
| Describe the cardiovascular system, and its functions. | Composed of blood,heart,and blood vessels. Functions: heart pumps blood through blood vessels;blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and carbon dioxide and wastes away from cells, and helps regulate acid base balance, temp and water content of body f |
| Describe lymphatic system and functions. | Composed of lymphatic fluid and vessels, also includes spleen,thymus,lymph nodes,and tonsils. Returns fluids and proteins back to blood;carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood;include lymphatic structures that protect against disease causing m |
| Describe respiratory system and functions. | Composed of lungs,airway passages(pharynx,larynx,trachea,and bronchial tubes). Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and carbon dioxide from blood to exhaled air;helps regulate acid base balance of fluids; cords produce sounds through air flow. |
| Describe digestive system and its functions. | Composed of organs from the GI tract,a long tube that includes the mouth,pharynx,esophagus,stomach,small and large intestines,and anus;also accessory organs that assist in digestion such as salivary glands,liver,gallbladder and pancreas. Achieves chemical |
| Describe components and function of urinary system. | Composed of kidneys,ureters,urinary bladder,and urethra. Produces,stores,and eliminates urine,eliminate wastes,and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood;helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids;helps regulate production of RBCs;mai |
| Describe the reproductive system and its functions. | Composed of gonads (testes/ovaries)and associated organs(uterine tubes,uterus and vagina, and epididymis,ductus deferens, and penis in males. Gonads produce gametes(sperm or oocytes),gonads also release hormones that regulate reproduction as well as store |
| What are important life processes in humans? | Metabolism,responsiveness,movement, reproduction,differentation, growth and repair. |
| Describe anabolism: | Building up; generally involves an expenditure of energy. |
| Describe catabolism: | Breaking down; generally involves the release in energy. |
| Head | Cephalic |
| Neck | Cervical |
| Armpit | Axillary |
| Pubis | Pubic |
| Hand | Manual |
| Groin | Inguinal |
| Cheek | Buccal |
| Nose | Nasal |
| Eye | Orbital |
| Forehead | Frontal |
| Wrist | Carpal |
| Forearm | Antebrachial |
| Front of elbow | Antecubital |
| Arm | Brachial |
| Fingers | Digital |
| Palm | Palmar |
| Foot | Pedal |
| Ankle | Tarsal |
| Toes | Digital or phalangeal |
| Top of foot | Dorsum |
| Leg | Crural |
| Thigh | Femoral |
| Anterior surface of knee | Patellar |
| Face | Facial |
| Skull | Cranial |
| Mouth | Oral |
| Ear | Otic |
| Chin | Mental |
| Breastbone | Sternal |
| Breast | Mammary |
| Navel | Umbilical |
| Chest | Thoracic |
| Base of skull | Occipital |
| Shoulder | Acromial |
| Buttock | Gluteal |
| Shoulder blade | Scapular |
| Spinal column | Vertebral |
| Back of elbow | Olecranal |
| Back | Dorsal |
| Loin (lower back) | Lumbar |
| Hollow behind knee | Popliteal |
| Calf | Sural |
| Sole | Plantar |
| Heel | Calcaneal |
| Back of hand | Dorsum |
| Between hips | Sacral |
| Posterior | Back view |
| Anterior | Front view |
| Lateral | Away from midline, horizontally |
| Midline | Straight down the middle |
| Proximal | Towards body |
| Distal | Away from body |
| Bones in order distal from radius and ulna. | Carpals,metacarpals,phalanges |
| Midsagital | Down the middle vertically like sheeps brain. |
| Transverse plain | Separates into inferior and superior views |
| Dorsal cavity consists of: | Cranial+vertebral |
| Ventral cavity consists of: | Thoracic+abdominopelvic |
| Thoracic cavity consists of: | Chest cavity,contains pleural and pericardial cavities, and mediastinum |
| Pleural cavity consists of: | Each surrounds a lung;the serous membrane of the pleural cavities is the pleura. |
| Pericardial cavity consists of: | Surrounds the heart;the serous membrane of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium. |
| Right regions from top to bottom: | Right hypochondriac,right lumbar,right inguinal (iliac) |
| Middle regions from superior to inferior: | Epigastric,umbilical,hypogastric (pubic) regions |
| Left regions from superior to inferior: | Left hypochodriac,left lumbar,lefr inguinal (iliac) regions. |
| All quadrant names: | RUQ RLQ LUQ LLQ |
| ICF: intracellular fluid | |
| ECF:Extracellular fluid | ECF types:interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph,synovial fluid,aqueous and vitreous humors. |
| Appendices: | Small intestines(duodenum,jejunum,Ileum) |
Leave a Reply